The Leisure Centre Schluefweg in Kloten ZH consists of an indoor and outdoor skating rink and an indoor and outdoor swimming pool. The required heat for this centre comes from four heat pumps and two oil heatings. There are plans to renovate a part of this twenty year old system. A project for this redevelopment was made by an engineering office.First we analysed the present state of this system and the planned redevelopment. We made an energy balance and confirmed, that after a redevelopment it is possible to cover the entire heat required with the heat pumps. A new oil heating would only be required on very cold days. In the second part of our project we examined, how far the existing heat pumps can be used for the planned redevelopment. To be able to judge this, we measured the heat pumps under the present and future operating conditions. All temperatures, all pressures and all thermal and electrical powers were measured. According to these measurements we find, that it is possible to use the existing heat pumps under the new conditions after redevelopment. But the expected improvement of the COP can not be achieved. In order to achieve the best results with the heat pumps under the planned new conditions after redevelopment and an improvement of the COP, it would be necessary to fill the heat pumps with more refrigerant and adjust the expansion valve.

The municipality of Bueren is eager to develop an ecologically as well as economically viable heat supply. In order to meet the energy consumption peaks, and thus at the same time lower the costs, the idea of a central combined heat and power station was proposed.I t is the object of this diploma-paper to weigh this proposal against possible alternatives and to suggest to the municipality the version with the best implementation potential.

The present power requirement had to be examined and a prognosis for the future made. Due to the results with regard to energy-consumption densities, two further concepts could be considered and examined as to their feasability for an integrated heat system. The crucial factor being the length of the warm water pipe necessary to supply the consumption units, in as far as the ratio of the connected consumption capacity to the length of the pipe directly corresponds to the costs: the larger the coefficient, the better the profitability and therefore the chances for the implemen-tation of the project.

Considering all factors the concept of the municipality turned out to be the least feasible. The location of the combined heat and power station in question as well as the low housing density of some of the respective zones proved unfavorable. Our research shows that the old part of the town as well as the four-storey housing zone are areas that would be best suited for the imple-mantation of an integrated heat system. For these areas two concepts of heat supply could be suggested. In the more viable of the two the areas as specified above are supplied with a com-bined heat and power station / heat pump plant system.As a result electricity can be supplied at an ecological zero rate, which lessens the effects of the energy consumption peaks considerably.

Within the framework of a project for the reconstruction of the Bächlitalhütte SAC, an energy concept was created. The power requirement is to be provided by a small hydroelectric power plant. The aim of this diploma project is to simulate the energy consumption of the Bächlitalhütte and determine the required amount of power so that the small hydroelectric power plant can be projected.

The simulation was set up using the mathematics programme Matlab/Simulink. The power requirement of the equipment as indicated in the energy concept, the visitor and climate data 1997 and the construction plans for the extension served as a basis for the project work. The simulation confirmed that the power plant output of 12.5 kilowatts as proposed in the energy concept, meets the requirement.

Since the hut is situated within an area which is under national protection, the special protection regulations had to be taken into consideration. We therefore selected a plant with a regulated Pelton turbine. Due to the survey of the area and the hydro and electro-mechanical calculations, the necessary components could be determined and the offers obtained. Investment costs will be approximately CHF 75'000.--

The present energy planning was developed in co-operation with the political municipality St. Margrethen. Its aim is to create the basis for a target-oriented energy policy. The energy plan lays down:

The planning definition of all spatial items and prerequisites, which are necessary for an increased use of alternative and collective energies.

A special attention is given to the accurate collection of energy consumption data. These are the basis of the power requirement land registers and for the prognosis of future consumption. Furthermore the ecological power supply of St. Margrethen and the targets for the energy policy are presented.

The energy plan card and the activity program form the principal item of the energy planning. Based on a priority list an area elimination giving consideration to the available energy sources, line networks and the local structures is carried out. In the way the energy plan card represents an important planning instrument for the co-ordination of the different types of energy, the activity program is of high importance for the ecological supply of energy. The activities are subdivided and responsible organisations and dates are appointed.

This work is to assist St. Margrethen as a basis for a global energy-political process in the municipality. The suggested possibilities must be checked for their feasibility, and be put piece by piece into practice. For that reason, the termination of this work is only the beginning of further activities!